The national science academies of the g8 nations and brazil, china and india, three of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the developing world, have signed a statement on the global response to climate change. The phrase climate change is growing in preferred use to global warming because it helps. It also reflects a growing international awareness that the most effective way to respond to the predicted impacts of climate. It aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change, in the.
Implications for business the department of defense recognizes the reality of climate change and the significant risk it poses to u. Climate change is expected to influence the work done by actuaries. The fourth national climate assessment nca4, developed by the u. Implications for business 2 an introduction to climate change the earths average temperature has been increasing since the industrial revolution.
This paper presents a detailed analysis of a composite climate vulnerability index cvi to examine and compare climate change vulnerability and its dimensions adaptive capacity, sensitivity and exposure. Adaptation actions can be implemented reactively, after changes in climate occur, or proactively, to prepare for a changing climate. Conclusion we urge all nations, in the line with the unfccc principles4, to take prompt action to reduce the causes of climate change, adapt to its impacts and ensure that the issue is included in all relevant national and international strategies. Sensitivity analysis of a climate vulnerability index a case study from indian watershed development programmes. The impacts and costs of climate change european commission. These gases warm the earths surface by trapping heat in the atmosphere. In response to the global challenge of climate change, many nations have committed to. Overall, the effects of global climate change are predicted to be heavily concentrated in poorer populations at low latitudes, where the most important climatesensitive health outcomes malnutrition, diarrhoea and malaria are already common, and where vulnerability to climate effects is greatest. National climate assessment and development advisory.
It does, however, provide a framework for evaluating the merits of global warming claims. Climate change and urbanization can increase pressures on groundwater resources, but little is known about how groundwater quality will change. Greenhouse gases are the major humaninfluenced drivers of climate change. Key sources of information on climate change are synthesised by the successive reports of the intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc created by the united nations and the world meteorological organization in 1988. The national climate assessment summarizes the impacts of climate change on the united states, now and in the future.
As this strategy shows, the food and agricultural sectors are vulnerable. In order to project future climate change, the ipcc employs computerbased climate models, which over several decades of development have consistently provided a robust and unambiguous picture of significant climate warming in response to increasing greenhouse gases. Schroders the impact of climate change on the global economy 3 there is also an opportunity cost to be considered. Climate change united nations sustainable development. Output from eight fully coupled earth system models esm, which contributed to the 5th coupled model intercomparison project cmip5, was evaluated and used to construct a. Starting now on a path to reduce these emissions is necessary both to meet the environmental objective of. South africas response to climate change was presented. References national research council, 2010a, advancing the science of climate change national research council, 2010b, limiting the magnitude of climate change national research council, 2010c, adapting to the impacts of climate change national research council, 2011d, informing an effective response to climate change national research council, 2010e, ocean acidification. A proposed biblescience perspective on global warming 93 relevant biblical data the bible does not speak directly about what we call global warming. Human influences on the global environment continue to grow. Between 1880 and 2015, average global surface temperatures rose by 0.
We calculate the temperature anomaly by subtracting a linear fit of the picontrol run for all 140. Assessment, the ipcc impacts assessment, the ipcc response strategies the last three including the. Although many of the response or feedback processes are. Unesco strategy for action on climate change unesco digital. To reiterate, the global warming discussion centers on co 2 the atmosphere and trees plants.
The united states is the worlds largest emitter of greenhouse gases ghgs, accounting for roughly 25 percent of global emissions. A full global disc satellite image channel visible 2 for 4 september 1983 reproduced with the. Climate changethe global effects responses to climate. Pdf climate change, as a global environmental phenomenon, has received heightened political attention in recent years. Global climate change has already resulted in a wide range of impacts across every region of the country and many sectors of the economy that are expected to grow in the coming decades. The earths climate is warming, mostly due to human activities such as changes in land cover and emissions of certain pollutants. Although the potential effects of climate change are widely acknowledged, there is still legitimate debate. Brief history of international agreements on climate change for the first time in june 1988 at the world conference on the changing atmosphere in toronto, politicians and. Global change research program has released the third national climate assessment a 60person federal advisory committee the national climate assessment and development advisory committee or ncadac oversaw the development of the draft climate report. Here we show that decadaltocentury scale changes in carbon export associated with climate change lead to an estimated 5. Observed changes in climate trends, variability and. The national security strategy, issued in february 2015, is clear that climate change is an. Students will read an article on one effect of climate change global warming in small groups. A ozone gases b solar gases c greenhouse gases d stomach gases the solar radiation that bounces off the earth back toward the atmosphere is.
More than a decade ago, the american psychological association examined the role of psychology in understanding and responding to climate change in the report of its task force on the interface between psychology and global climate change apa, 2009. While there are differences between these two terms, they are used interchangeably throughout this lesson. The above analysis is based on a ceteris paribus1 argument whereby the worlds population is seen not to respond to climate change. The film features a slide show that, by gores own estimate, he has presented over a thousand times to audiences worldwide. The five warmest years on record have all occurred since 19952. Smallholder and subsistence farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk in developing countries may not be able to cope with climate change effectively, due to reduced. The existence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is vital to life on earth in their absence.
Rainfall over land has increased by 510% in the northern. The historic paris agreement provides an opportunity for countries to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2. An inconvenient truth is a 2006 american concertdocumentary film directed by davis guggenheim about former united states vice president al gores campaign to educate people about global warming. Countries have outlined their targets, policies, and programs in nationally determined contributions ndcs linked to the paris agreement. Many member states have already suffered significant loss of life and damage to crucial health infrastructure resulting from extreme weather events. They contribute to climate change, considered potentially to pose the greatest threat to global health in the 21st century.
Global warming, climate change and sustainabilitychallenge to scientists, policymakers and christians john houghton i n this paper, i first list some of the growing threats to the environment and introduce the important concept of sustainability. They will answer questions on this article and fill in a graphic organizer. Climate changethe global effects climate changethe global effects responses to climate change. States should share resources, knowledge and technology in order to address climate change. An agenda for global health article pdf available in jama the journal of the american medical association 30211. States dutybearers have an affirmative obligation to take effective measures to prevent and redress these climate impacts, and therefore, to mitigate climate change, and to ensure. According to nasa and ipcc, global temperature has increased by 1. Climate change is the defining issue of our time and we are at a defining moment. The impacts of global climate change in the united states are already being felt and are projected to intensify in the future, especially without further action to reduce climaterelated risks. The results of the present field experiment on response. The steps outlined here chart a course for a sound, credible, and costeffective domestic program. Global reductions in seafloor biomass in response to. Observed changes in climate trends, variability and extreme. In response to global warming, offspring of trees are predicted to have ranges extend beyond adults at leading edges and the opposite relationship at trailing edges.
In particular, climate change may further enhance the food import dependence of most developing countries. Climate change is more than a warming trend which is why the term global warming is an inaccurate description of the phenomenon. Domestic response to climate change center for climate. An ipcc special report on the impacts of global warming of 1. Climate change can be viewed as consisting of two components, one of which is human i. To address global climate change effectively, the united states must actively pursue real reductions in ghg emissions at home and abroad. Since the 2006 saeo, local and global research has advanced its understanding of the projected impacts of climate change. This report is an authoritative assessment of the science of climate change, with a focus on the united states. Health, environment and climate change report by the directorgeneral 1. The negative impacts of climate change on the health and wellbeing of individuals, communities, and nations are growing more frequent and severe, with members of some groups including persons of color, persons of lower socioeconomic status, women, older adults, children, and persons with disabilities at greater risk than others. The intergovernmental panel on climate change ipcc 20 estimated that to. Global warming and climate change multiple choice test. Oct 10, 2011 in response to global warming, offspring of trees are predicted to have ranges extend beyond adults at leading edges and the opposite relationship at trailing edges. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of.
The transient climate response tcr is defined as the global and annual mean surface air temperature anomaly in the 1pctco2 scenario 1% co 2 increase per year for a 20 year period centered at the time of co 2 doubling, i. It is an issue that requires solutions that need to be coordinated at the international level to help. The purpose of this paper is to provide some background on the science of climate change, its impacts, key ways to minimize the damage and the roles that the actuarial profession can play in dealing. Pdf global warming and climate change, causes, impacts and. Global change research program usgcrp, is a stateofthescience synthesis of climate.
National research council, 2010a, advancing the science of climate change national research council, 2010b, limiting the magnitude of climate change national research council, 2010c, adapting to the impacts of climate change national research council, 2011d, informing an effective response to climate change. For a more detailed analysis, see, for example, the synopsis report from the climate change. Observed changes in climate trends, variability and extreme events and their impact bangladesh is already experiencing the adverse impacts of global warming and climate change. I then explain the threat arising from human induced climate change. Pdf global warming and climate change refer to an increase in average global temperatures.
Global reductions in seafloor biomass in response to climate. Climate change, however, is a global challenge that does not respect national borders. The graphic organizer will be presented to the class. Changes in global groundwater organic carbon driven by. A melting polar ice caps b more reflected sunlight off the ice pack c lower sea levels d a sale on bathing suits. Together, the 2030 agenda and the paris agreement twin plans for.
As the impacts of climate change grow, americans face decisions about how to respond. This warming has already led to changes in the earths climate. After all presentations, each group of students will develop a graphic. A proposed biblescience perspective on global warming. International assistance for climate change mitigation and adaptation should be additional to existing oda commitments. Understanding and responding to climate change preventionweb. This implies that adaptation and mitigation strategies to limit damage from climate change in developing countries must be consistent with, build upon and provide new direction for existing and. It represents the first of two volumes of the fourth national climate assessment, mandated by the global change research act of 1990. Key messages on human rights and climate change climate change impacts, directly and indirectly, an array of internationally guaranteed human rights. Here we show how projected century scale climate change affects global oceanic primary production, export of poc to the seafloor, and ultimately changes in benthic biomass. An inconvenient truth is a 2006 american concert documentary film directed by davis guggenheim about former united states vice president al gore s campaign to educate people about global warming. Climate change and global warming are both terms that refer to the increase of the average temperature on earth. The effects of global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions ghgs are. For a more detailed analysis, see, for example, the synopsis.
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